Some of its preferred hosts are sweet gum, willow, oak, linden, river birches, some maples, fruit trees and sometimes hollies. Fall webworms attack persimmon, pecan and occasionally other hardwoods. The Fall Webworm Moth is typically 0.9 inches to 1.6 inches (25mm to 42mm) in size and has the following descriptors / identifiers: furry, spots, giraffe, flying, … Photograph taken in Gainesville, Florida. [7] The maximum length of larvae is 35 mm. It is not considered an economic forest pest, but is unsightly and occasionally does considerable damage to pecan groves. The fall webworm is native to North America and is found throughout the United States, Canada and Mexico. Hyphantria cunea, also known as the fall webworm, is an American species of tiger moth that originates from from North America, Canada, and Mexico. They are of little economic importance in orchards which are regularly sprayed to control codling moths and other pests. Native to North America, this species has become an invasive pest throughout Europe and Asia, and therefore is well studied. Second instar larvae of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury), feeding. Photograph by Lyle J. Buss, University of Florida. Biological control of pest insects in Europe. Photograph by Lyle J. Buss, University of Florida. Southern populations may complete four generations in one year, while in the north the fall webworm completes only one life cycle. The feeding of these insects may occasionally strip small or large trees of their leaves. Figure 14. However, Hyphantria cunea was also introduced to Europe and Asia by humans, and has become a very destructive invasive species in these regions. Some examples of protective behavior or defense are shaking and jerking together, repellant scent, and irritants on hairs or spines. Photograph by Lyle J. Buss, University of Florida. Figure 24. http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu/species.php?hodges=8140. Larvae: In one to two weeks, the larvae hatch and immediately begin spinning their silk tent. [1], The sex pheromone consists of the components (9Z,12Z)- 9,12-octadecadienal (I), (9Z,12Z,15Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienal (II), cis-9,10-epoxy-(3Z,6Z)-3,6-henicosa- diene (III), and cis-9,10-epoxy-(3Z,6Z)-1,3,6-henicosatriene (IV). The caterpillar of this species builds large messy nests or webs on limbs of different hardwood trees in late summer or early fall, leading to their name. The fall webworm usually attacks trees. The winter is spent as a pupa and the following summer the adult snow-white moth emerges, usually around late June and early July in this area. In the southern part of its range, the moth is white with dark wing spots while in the northern part of its range it is nearly always pure white (MPG 2010) and was once thought to be a separate species from the southern populations. The fall webworm moth penetrated into Europe from North America in 1940 and reached the USSR in 1952 (Transcarpathian Oblast). Fall Webworm Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, is a common pest throughout most of the US and southern Canada. Second instar larvae of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury), before molting. It is considered a pest but although unsightly, does not harm otherwise healthy trees. Figure 10. These compounds are: (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienal (I), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienal (II), and (Z,Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxyheneicosadiene (III). [7], The caterpillars are highly variable in coloration, ranging from a pale yellow to dark grey, with yellow spots and long and short bristles. Caterpillars of Eastern North America. Photograph by Andrei Sourakov, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. 670 pp. There are two generations per year. It is considered a pest but although unsightly, does not harm otherwise healthy trees. The Fall Webworm is a moth that comes in two colors: all white in the north, or white with dark patches in the south (some with so many patches they resemble a giraffe). Fall webworm of the Erebidae family is indigenous to parts of North America from Canada up to Mexico. The nothern range limit for Hyphantria cunea occurs at the latitude of 50–55° (Morris 1963). [8], The pupa stage overwinters in the bark and leaf litter at the base of the trees. [6][7] It is quite 'hairy' and the front legs have bright yellow or orange patches. Fall webworm: A guide to recognition and habits in Alabama. South of an approximate latitude of 40°N there are two or more generations annually, with webs appearing progressively earlier further south. Pupae: Full-grown larvae leave the web to pupate in leaf litter or bark crevices. This adult is all white, which is typical for members of this species from the northern part of its range. Yang ZQ, Zhang YA. Cocoon of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury). Forewings are orange with white spots outlined in black (these often look like tiny flower patterns). [20], The fall webworm’s interaction with humans is important because of how adaptable this species is, which is one of the main reasons that it spread so widely across the world. In the eastern U.S., pecan trees (Carya illinoinensis), black walnut, American elm (Ulmus americana L.), hickory, fruit trees, and some maples are preferred hosts; in some areas persimmon and sweetgum are also readily eaten. Throughout their development, the fall webworm can be up to 1.5 inches long mm... Approximate latitude of 40°N there are two or more generations annually, webs... Emerges in the same nest of black-headed larvae, collected on bald cypress in Gainesville, Museum! Reach, and only a small proportion of the fall webworm of the fall webworm is common! One generation per year depends greatly on latitude wind can disturb the heat trapping process is not stable... 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